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>> CFA Institute Sustainable-Investing熱門認證 <<
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問題 #321
An ESG scorecard for sovereign debt issuers has the following information:
Country 1No carbon policy and high corruption risk
Country 2High-level carbon policy and low corruption risk
Country 3Detailed carbon policy and low corruption risk
Based only on this information, the country with the lowest ESG risk is:
答案:A
解題說明:
Based on the provided information, Country 3, with a detailed carbon policy and low corruption risk, has the lowest ESG risk. Here's the reasoning:
Carbon Policy and Corruption Risk:
A high-level or detailed carbon policy indicates a strong commitment to addressing climate change, which reduces environmental risk.
Low corruption risk indicates good governance, which further reduces overall ESG risk.
Therefore, Country 3, which has both a detailed carbon policy and low corruption risk, presents the lowest ESG risk compared to the others.
CFA ESG Investing References:
The CFA ESG Investing curriculum emphasizes the importance of robust carbon policies and low corruption risks in assessing the ESG profiles of sovereign debt issuers. Strong environmental and governance practices are key indicators of low ESG risk.
問題 #322
A materiality assessment to identify ESG issues impacting a company's financial performance is most likely measured in terms of:
答案:A
解題說明:
A materiality assessment to identify ESG issues impacting a company's financial performance is most effectively measured in terms of both likelihood and magnitude of impact. This approach provides a comprehensive view of potential risks and opportunities by evaluating how likely anissue is to occur and the extent of its potential impact on financial performance. This dual assessment helps in prioritizing ESG issues that are both probable and significant in their effects.
問題 #323
ESG portfolio optimization most likely:
答案:B
解題說明:
ESG portfolio optimization involves setting upper and lower bounds for ESG-related variables (Option C) to balance financial performance with ESG impact. For example:
Carbon footprint constraints: Ensuring portfolio emissions stay within a target range.
Sector exposure limits: Avoiding excessive concentration in high-emission industries.
Option A is incorrect because optimization is dynamic and does not apply rigid decisions.
Option B is incorrect because ESG optimization does not necessarily accept lower active risk-it depends on investor preferences.
References:
MSCI ESG Portfolio Construction Framework
BlackRock ESG Optimization Research
PRI Guide to ESG Integration in Portfolio Management
問題 #324
According to the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), the four realms of nature include
答案:A
解題說明:
According to the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), the four realms of nature include land, which is a critical aspect of the natural environment that businesses must consider in their sustainability and risk management strategies.
Step-by-Step Explanation:
TNFD Framework:
The TNFD was established to develop a framework for organizations to report and act on evolving nature- related risks. This framework is intended to help financial institutions and companies manage risks related to biodiversity and natural capital.
The CFA Institute highlights that the TNFD framework is essential for integrating nature-related financial risks into corporate and investment decision-making processes.
Four Realms of Nature:
The TNFD identifies four realms of nature that are critical for understanding and managing nature-related risks:
Land
Oceans
Freshwater
Atmosphere
These realms encompass the major natural systems that support life on Earth and are crucial for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Significance of Land:
Land is a fundamental realm as it encompasses terrestrial ecosystems, forests, and agricultural areas. It is crucial for biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and providing resources for human activities.
The CFA Institute notes that sustainable land management practices are vital for mitigating risks related to deforestation, habitat loss, and soil degradation, which can have significant financial and environmental impacts.
Integration into ESG Strategies:
Companies and investors are increasingly recognizing the importance of integrating land-related risks into their ESG strategies. This includes assessing the impacts of their operations on land use, biodiversity, and ecosystem health.
The TNFD framework provides guidance on how to assess and report on land-related risks, helping organizations to enhance their sustainability practices and improve transparency.
References:
CFA Institute, "Environmental, Social, and Governance Issues in Investing: A Guide for Investment Professionals." Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) documents, which outline the four realms of nature and their significance for ESG integration.
問題 #325
According to the Stockholm Resilience Centre, which of the following planetary boundaries has been crossed as a result of human activity?
答案:A
解題說明:
Land-system change (Option B) has been breached due to deforestation, agriculture expansion, and urbanization, which have led to:
Loss of biodiversity.
Disruption of ecosystems and carbon sequestration processes.
Option A (Ocean acidification) is a major concern but is approaching, not yet fully breaching, planetary boundaries.
Option C (Stratospheric ozone depletion) has improved due to international regulations like the Montreal Protocol.
References:
Stockholm Resilience Centre: Planetary Boundaries Report (2023)
IPCC Special Report on Climate and Biodiversity
UNEP Ozone Layer Recovery Updates
問題 #326
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